What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to create and evaluate biphasic hydroxyapatite/calcium sulfate blocks for potential use as bone substitutes.

February 12, 2026European Journal of Dentistry0 citationsOpen Access

Fabrication of Biphasic Hydroxyapatite/Calcium Sulfate Blocks via Hydrothermal Partial Phase Transformation for Bone Substitutes

SSSunarso SunarsoUniversity of Indonesia GPG. S. PradanaUniversity of Indonesia SSSyifaa SagakiranaUniversity of Indonesia

Key Points

This research aims to create and evaluate biphasic hydroxyapatite/calcium sulfate blocks for potential use as bone substitutes.
Fabricated biphasic HA/CS blocks using partial hydrothermal conversion of gypsum blocks.
Immersed gypsum in Na3PO4 solution at 150 °C for varying time periods (6, 12, 24 hours).
Analyzed phase composition via X-ray diffraction.
Measuring diametral tensile strength (DTS), solubility in Tris-HCl buffer, and cytotoxicity on cell cultures.
Biphasic HA/CS blocks exhibited a significant reduction in DTS (0.5–0.7 MPa) compared to gypsum (2.06 MPa).
Solubility in HA/CS blocks was lower than in gypsum (206.15 mg/L), with the 24-HA/CS group having the lowest value (94.70 mg/L).
Cytotoxicity tests showed cell viability above 70% for all groups, meeting ISO standards for non-cytotoxicity.

Abstract

Abstract This article aims to fabricate, characterize, and evaluate the mechanical strength and cytotoxicity of biphasic hydroxyapatite/calcium sulfate (HA/CS) blocks using partial hydrothermal conversion of gypsum blocks. Gypsum blocks were immersed in Na3PO4 solution under hydrothermal conditions at 150 °C for 6, 12, and 24 hours, denoted as 6-HA/CS, 12-HA/CS, and 24-HA/CS, respectively. After that, the phase composition was analyzed using X-ray diffraction. Diametral tensile strength (DTS), solubility in Tris-HCl buffer, and cytotoxicity on cell cultures were measured. Hydrothermal treatment produced biphasic HA/CS with increasing hydroxyapatite content. All HA/CS groups exhibited a significant reduction in DTS (∼0.5–0.7 MPa) compared with gypsum (2.06 MPa; p < 0.05). Solubility was lower in HA/CS than in gypsum (206.15 mg/L), with the 24-HA/CS group showing the lowest value (94.70 mg/L). Cytotoxicity testing demonstrated cell viability above 70% for all groups, meeting ISO standards of non-cytotoxicity. Partial hydrothermal conversion of gypsum block successfully produced biphasic HA/CS with tunable phase composition, reduced solubility, and acceptable cytotoxicity.

Ask AI

Helpful

Bookmark

View Full Paper