Refrigerant leakage poses significant safety and environmental challenges in heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC however, they require further development and validation for reliability, long-term stability, and commercialization. This paper also identifies key gaps, challenges, and research opportunities, emphasizing the importance of developing robust calibration protocols and clearly defining operational conditions within HVAC&R systems to optimize sensor selection, safety, and system efficiency.
Wan et al. (Wed,) studied this question.