Assessment of international competitiveness and its driving factors for the Shandong Port Cluster

Purpose Ports are fundamental and pivotal facilities and an important support for economic development. This paper aims to enhance the international competitiveness of Shandong’s port cluster and provides reference for accelerating the development of world-class maritime ports. Design/methodology/approach Based on the data of the Shandong port cluster from 2011 to 2023, this paper comprehensively employs the entropy method, Kernel density estimation and panel data model to systematically measure the international competitiveness level of the Shandong port cluster, and fully analyzes its distribution dynamic evolution characteristics and driving factors. Findings The research findings are as follows: firstly, the international competitiveness level of the Shandong port cluster is generally on the rise, but the differences among ports are relatively obvious. There are differences in the development levels of each port in the four dimensions of smart and green, economic efficiency, support capacity and integration and openness. Secondly, the dynamic evolution characteristics indicate that the volatility in the distribution center area of the international competitiveness level of the Shandong port cluster is relatively stable, and the changing trends of the competitiveness of each port are relatively stable. Thirdly, the analysis of driving factors indicates that the level of digital technology, relevant professional talents and industrial structure are the core driving factors. Originality/value This paper systematically evaluates the international competitiveness level of Shandong’s port cluster, identifies its driving factors and provides guidance for continuously improving the comprehensive service level of ports and shipping.