What question did this study set out to answer?

This research seeks to evaluate the efficacy and adverse outcomes of various procedural sedation agents used in emergency departments.

February 19, 2026Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine2 citationsOpen Access

Procedural sedation in emergency departments: Efficacy and adverse outcomes from a systematic review and meta-analysis

ZQZhiJun QuCapital Medical University CXChengshi XuCapital Medical University ZQZhijie QuCapital Medical University

Key Points

This research seeks to evaluate the efficacy and adverse outcomes of various procedural sedation agents used in emergency departments.
Conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing studies on procedural sedation.
Analyzed the effects of ketamine, propofol, and fentanyl on patient outcomes.
Evaluated adverse effects like hypotension, hemodynamic instability, and respiratory events.
Ketamine-propofol combinations showed reduced hemodynamic instability compared to propofol alone.
Propofol administration was linked to increased hypotension and respiratory complications.
Fentanyl and ketamine were associated with gastrointestinal disturbances.

Abstract

The results of this meta-analysis shed light on the adverse effects of various procedural sedation agents used for different procedures in the ED. Ketamine-propofol combinations were associated with less hemodynamic instability, whereas propofol caused hypotension and respiratory events and GI disturbances were associated with the administration of fentanyl and ketamine. Thus, individual patient factors such as age and comorbidities and the risk profile of different agents should be considered during procedural sedation protocols. This meta-analysis summarizes the side effects of several drugs to help physicians administer them safely.

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