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February 19, 2026Green Processing and Synthesis0 citationsOpen Access

Health Risks From Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in PM10 and PM2.5 in Kindergartens

Human health risk due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM 10 and PM 2.5 : a case study at two selected Kindergartens in Hanoi, Vietnam

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Authors

TTThi Tham TrinhMNMinh Khue NguyenTBThi Phuong Bui

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Overview

Evaluates health risks from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in kindergartens, highlighting urgent air quality needs.

Key Points

  • This study aims to assess the health risks posed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in particulate matter at kindergartens.
  • Collected 32 PM10 and PM2.5 samples from two kindergartens in Hanoi.
  • Analyzed samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
  • Calculated carcinogenic and mutagenic toxicity equivalents.
  • Evaluated seasonal variations in PAH concentrations.
  • Average Σ16PAHs concentrations were 19.6 ng/m³ in PM2.5 and 24.5 ng/m³ in PM10 indoors.
  • ILCR ranged from 6.22 × 10⁻⁹ (2023 inhalation) to 1.83 × 10⁻⁴ (2020 dermal).
  • Exposure through ingestion and dermal contact poses higher cancer risks for children than inhalation.
  • Petroleum combustion, biomass burning, and coal combustion identified as primary PAH sources.

Cite This Study

Trinh et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6996a818ecb39a600b3ee7f6https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2025-0164
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