Multivariate Insights Into the Relationship Between Cardiac, Oxidative, and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Experimental Rats

Cardiac biomarkers are considered one of the fundamental elements in the evaluation of cardiac function, while oxidative stress and inflammatory processes can also be regarded as important factors in the assessment of cardiovascular health. This study examined the relationships between cardiac biomarkers, oxidative stress, and inflammation, aiming to uncover the multidimensional interactions among these parameters. Cardiac parameters, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress markers in heart tissue were analyzed in twenty-four male rats. Pearson and canonical correlation analyses were employed to assess the complex relationships between these datasets. Creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase– myocardial band (CK-MB) were positively correlated with malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and negatively correlated with glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (p<0.05). Furthermore, cTnI showed a positive correlation with TNF-α and a negative correlation with GSH-Px. The canonical correlation coefficients for the cardiac-oxidative stress and cardiac-inflammation datasets were significant (rc=0.852, p<0.05; rc=0.821, p<0.05). The proportion of oxidative stress and inflammation parameters explaining the variance in cardiac biomarkers was 52.20% and 49.40%, respectively. Canonical correlation analysis, which incorporates multiple relationships, revealed the intriguing multidimensionality of the interactions among the parameters. The results suggest that the association between oxidantantioxidant and inflammatory status is notably more intricate with CK and CK-MB than with cTnI. These significant findings offer valuable insights that could contribute to advancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the field of cardiology.