Impact of global work index on obesity paradox in heart failure with advanced left ventricle remodeling

Figures

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  Figure 1. Flowchart for patient selection and study design.

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  Figure 2. Restricted cubic spline analysis on the association between LVMI and MACE. p for linearity = 0.48. The purple line and shades represent the HR and CI for MACE risk in women. The blue line and shades represent the HR and CI for MACE risk in men. The left vertical red line equals LVMI = 110 g/m2, and the right vertical red line equals LVMI = 120 g/m2.

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  Figure 3. Kaplan–Meier analysis and the risk table according to whether patients have advanced LVR or not in the whole cohort. Log rank p < 0.0001. The green line shows patients with advanced LVR. Of 330 patients, 254, 182, 70, and 15 were still free from MACE and were tracked at 500 days, 1,000 days, 1,500 days, and 2,000 days, respectively. The red line shows patients without advanced LVR. Of 185 patients, 165, 129, 69, and 21 were still free from MACE and were tracked at 500 days, 1,000 days, 1,500 days, and 2,000 days, respectively.

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  Figure 4. Kaplan–Meier analysis and the risk table according to BMI in patients with advanced LVR. Log rank p = 0.012. The green line shows patients with obesity. Of 63 patients, 55, 41, 17, and 1 were still free from MACE and were tracked at 500 days, 1,000 days, 1,500 days, and 2,000 days, respectively. The red line shows patients without obesity. Of 267 patients, 199, 141, 62, and 14 were still free from MACE and were tracked at 500 days, 1,000 days, 1,500 days, and 2,000 days, respectively.

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  Figure 5. Restricted cubic spline analysis on the association between GWI and MACE in the whole cohort. p for linearity = 0.48. The blue line and shades represent the HR and CI for MACE risks, respectively. The vertical red line equals GWI = 900 mmHg%.

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  Figure 6. Kaplan–Meier analysis and the risk table of patients with GWI ≥ 900 mmHg% (high) and GWI < 900 mmHg% (low) in the whole cohort. Log rank p < 0.0001. The green line shows patients with GWI ≥ 900 mmHg%. Of 259 patients, 224, 179, 90, and 24 were still free from MACE and were tracked at 500 days, 1,000 days, 1,500 days, and 2,000 days, respectively. The red line shows patients with GWI < 900 mmHg%. Of 256 patients, 195, 132, 58, and 12 were still free from MACE and were tracked at 500 days, 1,000 days, 1,500 days, and 2,000 days, respectively.

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  Figure 7. Kaplan–Meier analysis and the risk table according to BMI in advanced LVR patients with higher GWI. Log rank p = 0.019. The green line shows patients with obesity. Of 23 patients, 22, 17, 9, and 1 were still free from MACE and were tracked at 500 days, 1,000 days, 1,500 days, and 2,000 days, respectively. The red line shows patients without obesity. Of 116 patients, 95, 74, 32, and 11 were still free from MACE and were tracked at 500 days, 1,000 days, 1,500 days and 2,000 days, respectively.

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  Figure 8. Kaplan–Meier analysis and the risk table according to BMI in advanced LVR patients with lower GWI. Log rank p = 0.019. The green line shows patients with obesity. Of 40 patients, 33, 24, 8, and 0 were still free from MACE and were tracked at 500 days, 1,000 days, 1,500 days, and 2,000 days, respectively. The red line shows patients without obesity. Of 151 patients, 104, 67, 30, and 3 were still free from MACE and were tracked at 500 days, 1,000 days, 1,500 days, and 2,000 days, respectively.

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  Figure 9. Restricted cubic spline analysis on the association between BMI and MACE in advanced LVR patients with higher GWI. p for linearity = 0.04. The purple line and shades represent the HR and CI for MACE risk, respectively. The vertical blue line equals BMI = 24.3 kg/m2.