The Role of Cx43 in the Survival and Death of Neurons and Glial Cells in Injuries of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System

Connexin 43 (Cx43), a key protein of gap-junctional channels, plays a dual role in regulating the survival and death of neurons and glial cells during injuries to the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS). It supports neuroprotection by maintaining cellular homeostasis but can exacerbate secondary damage by promoting inflammation and apoptosis. This review examines in detail the role of Cx43 in these processes, emphasizing its ambivalent impact, which depends on cell type, injury phase, and molecular microenvironment. Additionally, mechanisms of intercellular communication and prospects for therapeutic modulation of Cx43 to optimize rehabilitation after neurotransmitter are discussed.