The Role of Cx43 in the Survival and Death of Neurons and Glial Cells in Traumatic Injuries of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System

Connexin 43 (Cx43) is a key protein in gap junctions, which play a dual role in regulating the survival and death of neurons and glial cells in injuries to the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). It promotes neuroprotection by maintaining cellular homeostasis but can also exacerbate secondary damage by triggering inflammation and apoptosis. This review examines in detail the role of Cx43 in these processes, focusing on its ambivalent effects, which depend on cell type, phase of injury, and molecular microenvironment. It also discusses the mechanisms of intercellular communication and the prospects for therapeutic modulation of Cx43 to optimize rehabilitation after neurotrauma.