Peroxiredoxins as Key Markers of Radioresistance and Potential Targets in Cancer Radiotherapy

Radiation therapy is the cornerstone of the treatment of malignant tumors, but its efficacy is often limited by tumor radioresistance and treatment-related toxicity. Peroxiredoxins, multifunctional proteins with antioxidant and chaperone activity, play a key role in maintaining redox homeostasis, regulating signaling pathways, and mediating radioresistance. Due to these properties, they are considered as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for improving the effectiveness of antitumor radiation therapy. The review presents experimental strategies for overcoming radioresistance through peroxiredoxin modulation, including direct targeting, the use of exogenous proteins, engineered mutants, synthetic peptides, nanoplafforms, and combined effects on the peroxiredoxin–thioredoxin system.