Exploring resource access in electric vehicle-induced power distribution grid upgrades

The transition to a decarbonized energy system is reshaping electricity distribution grids particularly with the rapid uptake of electric vehicles (EVs). This study examines spatial disparities in distribution grid upgrade needs and utilization across various communities in California, using real-world grid data and simulations of light-, medium-, and heavy-duty EV charging. By 2035, high-density residential areas are projected to see a larger share of feeders requiring upgrades. Communities with higher CalEnviroScreen scores—indicating greater environmental and socioeconomic burdens—tend to exhibit lower EV adoption rates, yet face a higher fraction of feeders needing upgrades, though of smaller average size. Despite these differences, the costs and benefits of upgrades remain roughly proportional across communities: high-burden areas incur lower upgrade costs in line with lower utilization, while less burdened communities both drive and benefit more from expanded grid resources. • Real-world grid data used to model EV charging upgrade needs in California. • High-density residential feeders face the greatest upgrade pressures by 2035. • Disadvantaged communities show higher share of feeders needing upgrade. • Costs and benefits of grid upgrades remain broadly proportional across groups.