What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to assess toxic element levels in paddy soils and evaluate the associated ecological and health risks.

An integrated multi-method assessment of toxic element contamination and associated ecological and health risks in heavily contaminated

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Examines toxic element contamination in paddy soils, highlighting ecological and health risks in affected areas.

The study aims to assess toxic element levels in paddy soils and evaluate the associated ecological and health risks.
Analyzed toxic elements (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in paddy soils across three areas in Bangladesh.
Utilized ICP-OES, XRD, and SEM-EDS for confirming concentrations and assessing mineral composition.
Conducted pollution indices and health risk assessments for ecological and human health.
Paddy soils in the battery recycling area have Pb concentrations as high as 123,459 mg/kg, exceeding safe limits.
Ecological risk assessments indicate the battery recycling area is the most contaminated.
Health risk assessments show significant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, particularly in the battery recycling area.

Hasan et al. (2026) studied this question.

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