Simulation of offshore floating photovoltaic system considering influences of multiple factors

This study establishes a physics-based modeling framework for offshore floating photovoltaic (FPV) power prediction, integrating dynamic electrical correction, JONSWAP wave kinematics, and environmental degradation mechanisms. The research characterizes irradiance-driven operational thresholds (dead zone, linear, and saturation regimes), temperature-dependent efficiency effects, and wave-induced platform tilt reducing irradiance capture. Experimental validation confirms that coupled environmental factors—particularly irradiance-temperature interdependence and wave-disrupted diurnal profiles—govern output nonlinearity through synergistic degradation. The framework quantifies how marine dynamics (wave motion, salt spray, thermal cycling) jointly constrain performance, demonstrating that operational optimization requires mitigating tilt effects through stabilization strategies and thermal runaway via cooling interventions. This integrated approach advances FPV system design for reliable grid integration in marine environments.