What does this research mean for the field?

The Bouc-Wen hysteresis model provides a more accurate representation of the nonlinear hysteresis behavior of lead rubber bearings compared to the bilinear model. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.NOVEL_FINDING. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to develop an accurate hysteresis model for lead rubber bearings using the Bouc-Wen framework.

February 22, 2026Open Access

Parameter Determination of Bouc-Wen Hysteresis Model for Lead Rubber Bearing

Key Points

The aim is to develop an accurate hysteresis model for lead rubber bearings using the Bouc-Wen framework.
Utilized Bouc-Wen model for hysteresis representation of lead rubber bearings.
Applied particle swarm optimization to optimize model parameters.
Conducted static cyclic loading tests on LRB specimens to validate the model.
Proposed a simplified method for parameter determination of the Bouc-Wen model.
Bouc-Wen model demonstrated more accurate predictions of nonlinear hysteresis behavior than the bilinear model.
Key parameters such as initial stiffness and yield displacement can be derived from existing formulas.
New parameter proposals were introduced for unloading stiffness and stiffness transition.

Abstract

This study develops a hysteresis model for lead rubber bearings (LRBs) using Bouc-Wen (BW) model and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Bilinear model often overestimate response acceleration, whereas BW model offers more accurate nonlinear hysteresis behavior. Static cyclic loading tests on LRB specimens validated the model. Parameters of BW model were optimized via PSO, and a simplified parameter determination method was proposed. Key parameters such as initial stiffness, secondary stiffness, and yield displacement can be accurately driven by existing formula, while parameters related to unloading stiffness and stiffness transition are newly proposed in this study.

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