Chinese traditional villages are generally exposed to severe risks of fire propagation. Against this background, the scientific and rational estimation of fire flow demand is not only a key basis for evaluating whether existing water-supply conditions can meet firefighting requirements but also a prerequisite for developing effective suppression and protection strategies. This study develops an efficient and cost-effective framework for assessing fire flow demand in traditional villages. First, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) oblique photogrammetry combined with on-site surveys was used to obtain the external parameters and internal features of buildings, which were then used to identify fire propagation pathways between buildings. Then, the fire flow demand for each building was calculated individually, distinguishing between offensive operations (extinguishing the fire source) and defensive operations (protecting adjacent buildings). The resulting distribution of fire flow demand across buildings was used to estimate the total fire flow demand of the village. Finally, the proposed framework was applied to calculate the fire flow demand of eleven representative traditional villages in Yunnan Province, followed by a comparison with current codes. The comparison reveals that the design flow rates of existing integrated water-supply systems are insufficient to meet the firefighting needs of traditional villages fully. Furthermore, correlation analysis reveals that offensive fire flow demand is primarily influenced by building volume, whereas defensive fire flow demand is associated with spatial connectivity and separation distance.
Zheng et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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