Toxicity and bio-accumulation of chromium, cadmium, and arsenic in some common fish species captured from fish ponds of Kandhkot Sindh, Pakistan

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk assessment of toxic elements in fish species, sediment, and its respective water samples from different fish ponds. The concentration of toxic elements including arsenic, chromium, and cadmium was determined in gills, liver, and muscle of two different fish species Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala and medium. Microwave-assisted digestion method was applied and analysis was performed by using (ICP-OES). It has been observed that (EDI) value in case of chromium was found (0.002) for cadmium was noted (0.0075) and Arsenic was calculated (0.0038). The PLI factor for total toxic elements was found in five sampling stations (2.24) due to enrichment of metals through water and sediments. The (THQ) of Chromium was found (0.01), for Cadmium (0.4) and for Arsenic (0.004) respectively. The (CF) value in case of Chromium (1.3) while for Cadmium (7.0) and for Arsenic (1.2). While BAF for accumulation of elements to fish organs through sediment and pond water was and found that BAF factor in case of Chromium was (0.11), while in case of Cadmium it was found (0.13) and for Arsenic (0.05) in factor was noted. Targeted hazard quotient and estimated daily intake values of toxic elements were found in the decreasing order such as As < Cd < Cr and As < Cr < Cd respectively. It was further noted that the targeted hazard quotient and estimated daily intake in both varieties of fish samples were <1. It indicates magnitude toxicity toward sediment and pond. published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES