The efficient utilization of solar energy largely depends on the capability of a photovoltaic system to operate at its maximum power point under variable irradiance and temperature conditions. In this context, a control strategy that combines a sliding mode control scheme with a Perturb-and-Observe-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm with adaptive step size is proposed and applied to a DC–DC boost–buck converter. The proposed approach aims to improve the dynamic stability of the system, ensure robustness against model uncertainties, and enhance conversion efficiency. The MPPT algorithm employs an adaptive perturbation step that reduces steady-state oscillations and accelerates convergence toward the optimal operating point, while the sliding mode controller guarantees accurate tracking of the converter voltage reference under external disturbances. Simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, achieving an overall efficiency of 99.42% and a startup time of 180 ms in the implemented version. These results confirm improved transient response, reduced steady-state error, and high efficiency compared to competing control strategies reported in the literature.
González-Castro et al. (2026) studied this question.