What question did this study set out to answer?

This study aims to evaluate how effective biomimetic waste solutions from fishbone and eggshell are at remineralizing demineralized human enamel.

March 1, 2026Open Access

Evaluation of Remineralizing Effects of Human Enamel ssing Biomimetic Waste from Nanomaterial Solutions of Fishbone(Fb) and Eggshell(Es) Incorporated with Chitosan Nanoparticles in Single Rooted Tooth - An In Vitro Study

Key Points

This study aims to evaluate how effective biomimetic waste solutions from fishbone and eggshell are at remineralizing demineralized human enamel.
Collected 50 single rooted extracted human teeth for evaluation.
Divided samples into five groups: control and four test groups with different remineralization solutions.
Analyzed the enamel surface using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for calcium and phosphorus assessment.
Significant remineralization effects observed with the fishbone combined with chitosan nanoparticles solution.
Least remineralization noted in the chicken eggshell solution.
Other groups showed varying levels of effectiveness in remineralization.

Abstract

Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the remineralizing effects of two freshly prepared organic biomimetic waste nanomaterial fish bone (FB) and chicken eggshell (ES) solutions on partially demineralized human enamel surface using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for quantitative Ca/P assessment. Methodology: A total of 50 freshly extracted human single rooted teeth were collected to be used. The samples were divided into five equal groups (n=10) respectively. Group 1: Control group Group 2: Remineralization solution obtained from fish bone biomimetic waste Group 3: Remineralization solution obtained from chicken eggshell biomimetic waste Group 4: Remineralising solution obtained from Fishbone biomimetic waste + chitosan nanoparticle Group 5: Remineralising solution obtained from Eggshell biomimetic was +chitosan nanoparticle Results: The results shows remineralisation effects of human enamel using biomimetic wastes were significant in Group 4 remineralising solution obtained from (FISHBONE+CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES) and least in Group 3 remineralising solution obtained from(CHICKEN EGGSHELLS) respectively.

Evaluation of Remineralizing Effects of Human Enamel ssing Biomimetic Waste from Nanomaterial Solutions of Fishbone(Fb) and Eggshell(Es) Incorporated with Chitosan Nanoparticles in Single Rooted Tooth - An In Vitro Study

Key Points

Abstract

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