What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim was to design and implement a PID-controlled incubator to enhance energy efficiency in poultry incubation.

Smart Agro-Technological System for Rural Poultry Incubation: Automation, Monitoring and Energy Efficiency

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Experimental system improves energy efficiency and hatchability in rural poultry farming, suggesting a sustainable alternative.

The aim was to design and implement a PID-controlled incubator to enhance energy efficiency in poultry incubation.
Designed a semi-industrial PID-controlled incubator.
Applied experimental methodology under controlled and field conditions.
Analyzed nine incubation cycles, including real and statistically estimated data.
Integrated IoT monitoring and multilayer thermal insulation.
Mean energy consumption reduced to 14.6 kWh per cycle, a 54.83% decrease from the traditional system.
Maintained stable temperatures between 37.31–37.73 °C, within the safe incubation range.
Achieved a thermal coefficient of performance (COP) of 0.85, exceeding the conventional system's 0.70.
Hatchability improved to 90.49%, compared to 85.46% in conventional setups, with lower embryonic mortality at 9.51%.

Untiveros et al. (2026) studied this question.

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