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The research aims to assess how the 2015 El Niño and seasonal variations impact aerosol properties in Penang.

March 3, 2026Open Access

Impact of 2015 El Niño and Monsoonal Variability on Aerosol Optical Properties over Penang, Malaysia

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Analysis reveals how 2015 El Niño affects aerosol properties in Penang, suggesting climate influences need monitoring.

The research aims to assess how the 2015 El Niño and seasonal variations impact aerosol properties in Penang.
Analyzed aerosol properties including AOD, AE, FMF, and SSA using AERONET observations.
Used satellite-derived fire data and NOAA HYSPLIT for trajectory analysis.
Studied aerosol changes from 2015 to 2019, focusing on monsoonal periods.
Elevated AOD observed during the Southwest Monsoon (0.72 ± 0.15) due to biomass burning.
Lower AOD recorded during the Northeast Monsoon (0.47 ± 0.12) from cleaner maritime air.
2015 El Niño resulted in exceptionally high aerosol levels with AOD events exceeding 1.75.

Yusuf et al. (2026) studied this question.

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