Money laundering remains a global threat that undermines financial stability and erodes trust in banking systems. Banks are particularly vulnerable given their broad customer base, diverse products and services, and technology-driven operations, which expose them to reputational, operational, and legal risks. This paper synthesizes secondary data and regulatory sources to examine the money laundering risks and challenges banks face, with specific attention to technological dimensions. Building on international standards such as FATF recommendations, Basel Principles, and the EU AMLD, the study proposes a Risk-to-Resilience AML Framework that integrates core compliance measures, such as the Risk Based Approach, Customer Due Diligence, Suspicious Transaction Reporting, and Beneficial Ownership transparency, with technology adoption as a moderating factor. The findings suggest that while money laundering risks cannot be fully eliminated, banks can strengthen resilience through risk-based programs, technological innovation, and adherence to global AML standards. By linking compliance effectiveness to organizational resilience, this study contributes a novel conceptual perspective that informs both policy and practice in the evolving fight against financial crime.
Zmarialy et al. (Wed,) studied this question.