Evaluation finds joystick superior for controlling endoscopes, suggesting user interface improvements for procedures.
The joystick consistently outperformed other interfaces across all interaction modes. Performance among the other user interfaces varied based on the parameters of the scenarios. Head motion-based and eye-based user interfaces enabled hands-free manipulation of the endoscope. This study establishes a benchmark for enhancing both user interfaces and interaction modes in actuated flexible endoscopy.
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Basha et al. (2026) studied this question.
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