Early complications after cardiac implantable device implantation occurred at similar rates in women and men, with sex not independently predicting early MACE.
Does female sex independently predict early complications or MACE in patients undergoing CIED implantation compared to male sex?
Overall clinical risk burden and systemic factors, rather than sex, are the primary determinants of early adverse outcomes following CIED implantation.
Early CIED-related complications were infrequent and occurred at similar rates in women and men. Sex was not an independent predictor of early MACE; instead, overall clinical risk burden and systemic factors were the primary determinants of early adverse outcomes.
Evsen et al. (2026) studied this question. Early complications after cardiac implantable device implantation occurred at similar rates in women and men, with sex not independently predicting early MACE.