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A surgical approach seeks to preserve function while predicting anal incontinence risk, indicating a new paradigm in patient care.
COIS represents a functionally optimized approach for HAF, balancing radical cure and sphincter integrity. The predictive model integrating systemic biomarkers advances personalized risk assessment, guiding surgical decision-making for patients prioritizing continence. These findings underscore the importance of metabolic and inflammatory profiling in prognostication, shifting the paradigm from anatomy-driven to function-preserving strategies.
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Qin et al. (2025) studied this question.
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