Analyzes evaluations of disturbed narrators in hadith to identify causes of their reliability issues, implying critical insights into hadith transmission.
The term "disturbance" in narration is defined as the contradiction among narrators in transmitting hadiths, whether in their texts or chains of transmission. This contradiction undermines the reliability of the narration, leading to a loss of trust in the authenticity of the hadith. It indicates the narrator's lack of precision and poor memory. This study collects the opinions of scholars regarding the evaluation (critique and praise) of such narrators and discusses these views to identify the cause of the disturbance, determining whether it originates from the narrator, from those they reported from, due to the loss of their books, or from mixing, among other reasons leading to their weakness and disturbance in narrating hadith.
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- et al. (2026) studied this question.
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