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March 5, 2026BMC Pregnancy and ChildbirthOpen Access

Factors associated with healthcare professionals’ use of stigmatizing language in individuals with diabetes in pregnancy

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Authors

AGAnwei GwanUniversity of MinnesotaIOIsai OrtizUniversity of Minnesota Medical CenterKTKatelyn TessierUniversity of Minnesota

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Implication

Retrospective cohort study reveals clinical factors related to stigmatizing language in diabetes pregnancies, suggesting health disparities.

Key Points

  • The aim is to explore the use of stigmatizing language in electronic health records and its association with clinical factors in birthing individuals with diabetes.
  • Conducted a retrospective cohort study from 2018 to 2019
  • Analyzed electronic health records of individuals with diabetes in pregnancy
  • Used natural language processing to identify stigmatizing terms
  • Applied logistic regression models to assess associations of clinical factors
  • 8.9% of individuals exhibited stigmatizing language in their records
  • Most common terms included 'noncompliant' (47%) and 'refused' (42%)
  • Birthing individuals of color were four times more likely to have stigmatizing language documented
  • Non-English/non-Spanish speakers were three times more likely to have stigmatizing terms
  • Public insurance holders were nearly five times more likely to receive stigmatizing descriptions

Cite This Study

Gwan et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69a91d55d6127c7a504c00fahttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-026-08891-y
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