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June 27, 2026Journal of General Internal MedicineOpen Access

Identifying Patterns of Stigmatizing Language Use in the Safety Net

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Authors

KGKriti GogiaZLZeyu LiKSKara Simpson

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Overview

Randomized trial identifies stigmatizing language prevalence in medical notes, suggesting significant disparities among vulnerable groups.

Key Points

  • The study aims to identify and analyze the prevalence of stigmatizing language in healthcare records among different patient demographics.
  • Conducted a lexicon search for stigmatizing terms in clinical notes from NYC Health + Hospitals between July 2022-June 2023.
  • Performed manual reviews to exclude certain terms and assessed the prevalence stratified by provider type and care setting.
  • Utilized a multivariable logistic generalized estimating equation model to analyze factors influencing stigmatizing language usage.
  • Stigmatizing terms were present in 93,107 notes (0.6%), affecting 26,052 unique patients (3.1%).
  • Prevalence was highest among Social Workers and in inpatient (1.0%) vs. outpatient notes (0.1%), with significant rates among homeless patients (15.9%).
  • Adjusted odds ratios showed elevated risks for those with ≥ 2 chronic conditions (OR 10.1) and SUD/AUD diagnoses (3.1).

Cite This Study

Gogia et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a3f6772aea7db3c1953ef3chttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-026-10592-3
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Use of Stigmatizing Language in Pediatric Clinician Notes2026
  2. 2An approach to classifying and measuring stigmatizing and positive language at scale in electronic health records2026
  3. 3Characterizing Stigmatizing and Biased Language in Clinical Pharmacist Documentation2025 · 2 citations
  4. 4Proportion of alcohol use disorder diagnoses in electronic health records documented with stigmatized descriptors: a comparison across race, ethnicity, and sex2025
  5. 5Factors associated with healthcare professionals’ use of stigmatizing language in individuals with diabetes in pregnancy2026