Analyses oscillations and behaviors before blackout in Spain and Portugal, suggesting improvements for stability.
On April 28, 2025, the Spanish and Portuguese power grids disconnected from continental Europe. This paper analyzes the system's dynamic behavior before the event: local and inter-area oscillations, tie-line stress, and examines Spain’s post-blackout generation strategy. The findings reveal the stable operation of renewable generations after the blackout and the importance of the grid-forming control. Recommendations include power system stabilitzer (PSS) for renewable generations and enhanced blackstart planning.
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Cai et al. (2026) studied this question.
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