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March 7, 2026Southeast Asian studiesOpen Access

Post-1998 Changes in Rural Java: The Rapid Expansion of the Middle Class

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Authors

AWAgung Wicaksono

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Overview

This analysis reveals the rapid growth of the middle class in rural Indonesia, indicating changes in governance and economic structure.

Key Points

  • The central aim is to explore factors contributing to the growth of the rural middle class in Java and its societal impacts.
  • Analyze historical data from post-1998 Indonesia
  • Examine the role of governance in socioeconomic changes
  • Assess shifts from formal to informal economic sectors
  • Rural middle class expanded faster than urban population after the financial crisis
  • Good governance reduced state patronage, enabling lower-class mobility
  • Economic inequality increased along with the rise of the rural middle class

Cite This Study

Agung Wicaksono (2020) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69abc1015af8044f7a4e9b02https://doi.org/10.20495/seas.9.3_351
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