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The study investigates the coupling of surface perturbations with plasma patterns on a liquid anode in DC glow discharge.

March 7, 2026Open Access

Surface deformation coupled with self-organized pattern on a liquid anode of 1 atm DC glow discharge

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This research demonstrates self-organized surface waves in a liquid anode, suggesting new plasma control challenges.

The study investigates the coupling of surface perturbations with plasma patterns on a liquid anode in DC glow discharge.
Used reflective background-oriented schlieren technique to measure liquid surface profile under plasma patterns.
Examined the effects of various operating parameters on surface patterns and waves.
Conducted time-resolved dynamics analysis of pulsed DC discharge.
Surface deformations driven by repulsive Coulomb force from nonuniform surface charge.
Identified high wave numbers (8000-16000 m−1) and small amplitudes (< 10 µm) characteristic of capillary waves.
Surface waves exhibited consistent phase velocity (0.1-0.4 m s−1), indicating dominant EHD forces over surface tension.

Yang et al. (2025) studied this question.

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