Securing global food security under climate change: an Area-Yield-Stability policy perspective

Climate change is triggering a systemic crisis in global agriculture by simultaneously eroding its fundamental pillars: the area of cultivable land, the yield per unit of land, and the stability of annual production. This "triple threat" manifests through the progressive loss of productive croplands, significant declines in crop yields, and increasingly volatile food supplies under climate change. Consequently, the combined risks to food security are far more severe than assessments focusing solely on declining average yields suggest. Although autonomous adaptation can moderate these impacts, substantial residual damages persist. Securing future food supplies therefore demands an integrated policy strategy that concurrently safeguards cropland, boosts climate-resilient productivity, and manages systemic volatility through targeted interventions by governments, the private sector, and international bodies.