The study examines the ethical dilemmas surrounding archaeological excavations in Egypt, focusing on the principles of engagement and repatriation. A mixed methods study combining qualitative interviews with local stakeholders and quantitative data analysis of excavation records to assess engagement levels and community impact. The findings indicate that while there is significant support for increased engagement (85% agreement), the implementation of effective repatriation policies remains a challenge, particularly in balancing economic benefits against cultural preservation needs. Despite ongoing challenges, this study highlights the importance of fostering greater community involvement to enhance ethical standards and public trust in archaeological practices. Recommend that Egyptian authorities develop more inclusive engagement strategies and implement transparent repatriation policies to ensure equitable outcomes for all stakeholders involved. archaeology, ethics, engagement, repatriation, Egypt
Mousa et al. (Sun,) studied this question.