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March 7, 2026

Unraveling the Chemical Transformation Pathway of Palm Oil Mill Effluent in Removing Sulfate via Synthesized Natural Earth-Compound Coagulant.

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Authors

NSNurul Afifah Md ShukriUniversiti Malaysia PerlisNLN. A. LutpiUniversiti Malaysia PerlisYWY. K. WongUniversiti Sains Malaysia

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Overview

Reveals sulfate removal from palm oil mill effluent using a natural coagulant, indicating its effectiveness for wastewater treatment.

Key Points

  • The aim is to explore the mechanism of sulfate removal from palm oil mill effluent using a synthesized natural coagulant derived from limestone.
  • Utilized a coagulant derived from limestone activated into calcium hydroxide through calcination.
  • Conducted sulfate removal experiments under varying conditions such as dosage and pH.
  • Applied scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for morphology analysis.
  • Performed kinetic studies to assess the removal efficiency and model fitting.
  • Used Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for compound detection.
  • Achieved an 88.76% reduction in sulfate from palm oil mill effluent at optimal conditions.
  • Observed a strong correlation (r = 0.8237) and significant results (p = 0.0064) in sulfate removal.
  • Kinetic studies indicated that the sulfate removal followed a second-order model with R² = 0.9883.
  • Detected formation of 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1-heptanol using FTIR and GC-MS.

Cite This Study

Shukri et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69abc2255af8044f7a4eb85dhttps://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70319
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