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This work investigates the implications of a phenomenological model of gravity influenced by a vacuum energy field.

March 8, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Observational Tests of Density-Dependent Gravity

Key Points

This work investigates the implications of a phenomenological model of gravity influenced by a vacuum energy field.
Exploration of the relation F(r) = K(ρ) P₁P₂ / r² in a cosmological context
Analysis of effective gravitational coupling and its evolution
Discussion on testability through observational data on cosmic structures
Identified potential effects on growth of large-scale structures
Examined cosmic void dynamics and its impact on expansion
Discussed weak gravitational lensing as an observational test

Abstract

In previous work a phenomenological model of gravitational interaction was proposed in which gravity is interpreted as a macroscopic manifestation of the interaction between matter and a background vacuum energy field. In this framework the interaction between macroscopic systems is described by the relation F(r) = K(ρ) P₁P₂ / r². In the macroscopic limit this relation leads to an effective gravitational coupling that depends on the properties of the surrounding medium. In the present work we investigate the possible cosmological consequences of this relation and discuss its observational testability. In particular, we consider the evolution of the effective gravitational coupling in a cosmological environment and its potential influence on the growth of large-scale structures, cosmic void dynamics, weak gravitational lensing, and the transition to accelerated expansion of the Universe.

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