Associations between various lipid indices and coronary collateral circulation in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a cross-sectional study

This study aims to evaluate the association between multiple lipid indices and coronary collateral circulation (CCC) in patients diagnosed with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This was a cross-sectional retrospective study involving 421 patients with STEMI who underwent coronary angiography between January 2022 and December 2024. Participants were categorized into a poor CCC group (Rentrop grade 0–1) and a good CCC group (Rentrop grade 2–3) according to Rentrop grading criteria. The following lipid parameters were evaluated as both continuous and categorical variables: total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), non-HDL-C/HDL-C, ApoB/ApoA-I, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and lipoprotein composite index (LCI). The associations between these lipid indices and CCC status were assessed using multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that higher HDL-C quartiles were significantly associated with reduced odds of poor CCC (odds ratio [OR]: 0.544, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.351–0.771, P < 0.05), whereas elevated LDL-C (OR: 29.299, 95% CI: 3.562–240.976, P < 0.05), non-HDL-C (OR: 50.140, 95% CI: 5.408–464.834, P < 0.01), and non-HDL-C/HDL-C (OR: 4.510, 95% CI: 1.186–25.368, P < 0.05) quartiles were significantly associated with increased odds of poor CCC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that LDL-C (cutoff: 3.265, AUC: 0.647, 95% CI: 0.573–0.721, P < 0.001), non-HDL-C (cutoff: 2.735, AUC: 0.752, 95% CI: 0.688–0.816, P < 0.001), and non-HDL-C/HDL-C (cutoff: 2.393, AUC: 0.686, 95% CI: 0.611–0.761, P < 0.001) exhibited favorable predictive performance for poor CCC. Stratification analysis showed that the highest prevalence of poor CCC was observed in patients with concurrently elevated levels of LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and non-HDL-C/HDL-C. Several lipid indices—including LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio—are significantly associated with impaired CCC in patients with STEMI. Notably, non-HDL-C exhibits the strongest association with CCC dyscrasia and therefore warrants early clinical attention.