Anti-inflammatory diterpenoids from the wasp nest ( Nidus vespae ) of Vespula vulgaris against MSU-induced inflammation in Raw264.7 cells

Three undescribed diterpenoids (1-3), along with nine previously reported analogues (4-12), were obtained from the 60% ethanol extract of the Nidus vespae derived from Vespula vulgaris. Compounds 1-3 were characterised by HRESIMS, 1D/2D NMR spectral data, ECD, or X-ray diffraction, while 4-12 were recognised through comparison of their ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectral data with existing literature. Vitro-based evaluation demonstrated that compound 1 markedly attenuated inflammatory responses in the LPS-MSU co-induced Raw264.7 macrophage inflammation model, yielding an IC₅₀ value of 28.88 μM, which demonstrated activity surpassing that of the positive control, indomethacin.