Cross-sectional analysis finds self-efficacy in psychological first aid predicts disaster response self-efficacy in nursing students, suggesting its importance in preparedness.
These findings show that self-efficacy in PFA is an important predictor for disaster response self-efficacy in nursing students and highlights the critical role of this skill in disaster preparedness. However, due to the cross-sectional design and single-institution sample, causal inferences cannot be made and generalisability is limited, particularly to nursing education contexts with different cultural, educational or institutional characteristics.
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Özbay et al. (2026) studied this question.
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