Empowering Women in the Workplace of Bangladesh: The role of HR Policies for Breaking the Glass Ceiling effects in Financial Institutions

The study examines women's perceptions of the glass ceiling —unseen barriers that block their advancement to senior roles— in financial institutions in Bangladesh by giving particular focus on how human resource (HR) policies can mitigate these barriers. By addressing recruitment, promotion, and conflict management practices, the research outlines strategies to reduce gender inequities in leadership positions in organizations. Using a multi-stage random sampling technique, data were collected from 392 executives across 40 financial institutions listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM) in IBM AMOS. Results indicate that transparent and equitable HR policies significantly reduce perceived glass ceiling effects. The study signifies the importance of inclusive HR practices as transformative tools for fostering gender equity and empowering women. This research advances empowerment theory by showing how specific HR practices shape gender inclusion and by offering a framework for policymakers and practitioners to address systemic barriers.