Thetransmission, virulence and etiology ofan epidemicailment "Plague"-A crucial review

AbstractPlague is often fatal without prompt and appropriate treatment. It affects mainly poor and remote populations. Latediagnosis is one of the major causes of human death and spread of the disease, since it limits the effectiveness ofcontrol measures.There are currently no approvedvaccines for protection against this organism.The current U.S. Department of Defense candidate plague vaccine is a fusion between twoYersinia pestis. Also theprotein recombinant models by which the proteins significantly augmented the IgG antibody response to theplaguevaccine increased the probability of survival in murine models of plague. However, the attenuated plague vaccinestill caused ahigh rate of severe local and systemic reactions in humans. Now,Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) forinfectious diseases areof much value in facilitation of major improvements indisease management, especially indeveloping countries.The integration of the recombinant DNA into the nuclear genome of the plantcell is the most widely used strategy for production of plant-made Vaccine. Plant-made vaccineantigens can be delivered to a mucosal surface. Mucosal surfaces lining the digestive tract,respiratory tract and genitourinary tract are the most important portals of entry for mammalianpathogens. Thus, focus onplant-made vaccine againstY.pestiswould lead us for approved vaccinedevelopment and plague management.