Enhancement of Psoriasis Treatment by Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex Carbon Dots (PCC-CDs) Through Modulation of the HMGB1/TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB Pathway

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic, debilitating inflammatory skin disorder mediated by the immune system. It is characterized by excessive keratinocyte proliferation and abnormal differentiation, leading to symptoms that significantly impair the quality of life of affected individuals. Despite extensive research, no effective drugs are currently available to completely inhibit the progression of psoriasis. Purpose: This study aims to explore the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms of Phellodendron chinense charcoal carbon dots (PCC-CDs) in treating psoriasis. PCC-CDs have recently garnered attention due to their sustained anti-inflammatory properties and unique bioavailability. Methods: This study explores the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms of PCC-CDs in psoriasis treatment via detailed pharmacological experiments in an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse model, including topical PCC-CDs application, inflammatory mediator detection, histopathological assessment of tissue damage, and transcriptomic as well as molecular biology analyses focusing on the modulation of the HMGB1/TLR4 and MAPK/NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathways. Results: In the IMQ-induced mouse model, PCC-CDs effectively suppressed the levels of inflammatory mediators and reduced histopathological damage. Molecular analyses revealed that PCC-CDs may exert their therapeutic effects by modulating the inflammatory response mediated by the HMGB1/TLR4 pathway, primarily through inhibiting protein expression in the MAPK/NF-κB signaling cascade. The application of PCC-CDs resulted in a significant reduction in psoriasis-like symptoms in IMQ-induced mice, including marked improvements in erythema, scaling, and pruritus. Conclusion: PCC-CDs offer a promising new approach to the clinical management of psoriasis. Their ability to provide sustained anti-inflammatory effects and distinctive bioavailability makes them a potential candidate for further development as a therapeutic agent. This study highlights the importance of PCC-CDs in modulating key inflammatory pathways, offering hope for improved treatment options for individuals suffering from psoriasis.