Evaluation of Community-Led Tuberculosis Control Programmes in Urban Informal Settlements of Nairobi, Kenya: Focus on Early Detection, Treatment Adherence, and Social Determinants of Health Metrics

Urban informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya face significant challenges related to tuberculosis (TB) control due to overcrowding and limited access to healthcare services. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data collection using a structured questionnaire among 200 participants in urban informal settlements. Early detection rates increased by 35% after implementing community-led screening programmes compared to baseline levels. Treatment adherence was significantly improved, with 78% of participants adhering to treatment protocols over the six-month period. Community-led TB control programmes demonstrated positive impacts on early detection and treatment adherence in urban informal settlements, though social determinants such as poverty remained a significant challenge. Continued support for community health workers and integration of social services into TB control strategies are recommended to enhance long-term success. Tuberculosis, Urban Informal Settlements, Early Detection, Treatment Adherence, Social Determinants of Health Treatment effect was estimated with logit(pᵢ)=β₀+β^ Xᵢ, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.