Availability of Different Related Stem Cell Donors and Outcomes After Allogeneic Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience (2019–2024)

Background: In countries lacking donor registries, related donors, including haploidentical ones, often serve as the main option. This research aimed to examine the feasibility of locating donors for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants and to assess the outcomes associated with various donor types. Methods: Between 2019 and 2024, a retrospective observational study was carried out, involving 520 patients and 824 potential stem cell donors. Of these patients, 155 successfully identified a suitable donor and underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation using mobilized peripheral blood stem cells. The study tracked overall and event-free survival over a five-year period to assess outcomes based on different donor types. Results: With alternative related donors (ARDs), 91% of patients were able to find at least one suitable donor for transplantation. The chances of identifying an appropriate donor increase with a larger pool of potential donors. Transplantation outcomes using ARDs, such as siblings, children, or parents, were similar to those with matched sibling donors. Other relatives could be considered as potential haploidentical donors, but the results with these donors were less favorable compared to those of others. Conclusions: The use of ARDs has significantly expanded the availability of related donors, with promising outcomes.