What does this research mean for the field?

Gene-environment interactions significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of craniofacial microsomia (CFM), with specific genetic factors and environmental influences identified as risk factors. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.SYNTHESIS. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

This review aims to understand how genetic and environmental factors contribute to craniofacial microsomia's development.

March 12, 2026

Gene-Environment Interaction in the Pathogenesis of Craniofacial Microsomia: A Narrative Review.

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Authors

WLWei LiuHunan Institute of Science and Technology WQWeikun QiChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College TZTianyin ZangChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College

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Implication

A narrative review explores gene-environment interactions affecting craniofacial microsomia, suggesting new research directions.

Key Points

This review aims to understand how genetic and environmental factors contribute to craniofacial microsomia's development.
Narrative review of existing literature on craniofacial microsomia
Examination of genetic studies related to susceptibility genes
Exploration of epidemiological links to environmental factors
Discussion of gene-environment interactions and their epigenetic implications
Recommendations for multiomics approaches and functional validation
Identified HOXA2, PAX3, and TBX1 as potential susceptibility genes associated with craniofacial microsomia.
Maternal smoking, diabetes, and alcohol use linked to higher risks of CFM.
Gene-environment interactions may influence craniofacial development through unclear epigenetic pathways.
Emphasized the need for larger cohorts and advanced methodologies for improved risk assessment.

Cite This Study

Liu et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69b25b7196eeacc4fceca24a https://doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000012520

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Gene-Environment Interaction in the Pathogenesis of Craniofacial Microsomia: A Narrative Review.

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Key Points

Cite This Study

Gene-Environment Interaction in the Pathogenesis of Craniofacial Microsomia: A Narrative Review.

Discussion

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Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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