What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to compare the inflammatory responses to exhaustive exercise between trained and untrained individuals.

March 13, 2026Applied SciencesOpen Access

Differential Inflammatory Response to Exhaustive Exercise in Trained and Untrained Individuals: Potential Biomarkers of Training Adaptation

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Authors

PMPaulina MałkowskaUniversity of Szczecin PTPatrycja TomasiakUniversity of Szczecin MTMarta Tkacz

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Implication

Researchers observe distinct inflammatory responses to exercise in trained and untrained individuals, suggesting implications for recovery monitoring.

Key Points

This research aims to compare the inflammatory responses to exhaustive exercise between trained and untrained individuals.
Conducted a progressive exercise test until exhaustion with trained soccer players and sedentary controls.
Collected blood samples at six time points over 48 hours post-exercise.
Assessed gene expression using real-time PCR and protein concentration via ELISA.
Measured leukocyte, lymphocyte, and neutrophil counts through routine hematology analysis.
Performed between-group comparisons and correlation analyses between gene and protein expressions.
Sedentary individuals exhibited delayed increases in TNF-α mRNA, while athletes maintained stable levels.
Athletes had consistently higher TNFR-1 expression compared to sedentary individuals.
IL-4 expression was elevated in athletes 30 minutes and 24 hours post-exercise, whereas it decreased in sedentary individuals after 6 and 24 hours.
Hematological responses showed more intense leukocytosis and neutrophilia in sedentary people.
Trained individuals demonstrated more efficient resolution of inflammation.

Cite This Study

Małkowska et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69b3aba202a1e69014cccb9b https://doi.org/10.3390/app16062643

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Implication

Researchers observe distinct inflammatory responses to exercise in trained and untrained individuals, suggesting implications for recovery monitoring.