What type of study is this?

This is a Quasi-Experimental study.

The effect of repeated sprints on immunological modulation and the role of fat-free mass, biological maturation and dietary inflammatory index in male athletes: a quasi-experimental study with insights for training loads control

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Quasi-experimental study shows fat-free mass and biological maturation influence cytokine responses to repeated sprint exercise.

Cytokine responses to repeated sprint exercise are influenced by fat-free mass and biological maturation.
Fat-free mass was found to be a significant predictor of IL-1β levels in male athletes.
Generalized-linear-mixed-models indicated that dietary inflammatory index significantly shaped inflammatory responses.
Adolescents with lower fat-free mass showed prolonged inflammatory responses compared to adults with higher fat-free mass.

Almeida‐Neto et al. (2025) studied this question.

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