Lean Body Mass is the Independent and Predominant Anthropometric Variable Associated With Atrioventricular Block

Figures

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  Figure 1. Forest plots of the multiply-adjusted risk of the primary outcome according to lean body mass in (A) men and (B) women. The primary outcome is defined as a composite of second- or third-degree atrioventricular block. HRs per 1-SD increase and corresponding 95% CIs associated with the various anthropometric exposures are shown above. BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; circ. = circumference; HR = hazard ratio; SD = standard deviation.

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  Figure 2. Dose-response relationship of the primary outcome with fat mass and lean body mass in (A) men and (B) women, after mutual adjustment. The primary outcome is defined as a composite of second- or third-degree atrioventricular block. The solid line indicates a restricted cubic spline curve, and the shaded area indicates the 95% CI. Restricted cubic spline models were fitted using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for covariates included in the main analysis and mutually adjusted for fat mass or lean body mass. CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; SD= standard deviation.

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  Figure 3. Percentage of the prolonged PQ interval (>200 ms) across quartiles of lean body mass in (A) men and (B) women. A total of 18,591 participants (9286 in men and 9305 in women) were involved in the electrocardiogram substudy. Participants were stratified into quartiles of lean body mass: for men, quartile 1 (<58.6 kg), quartile 2 (58.7–63.0 kg), quartile 3 (63.1–68.0 kg), and quartile 4 (>68.1 kg); for women, quartile 1 (<41.1 kg), quartile 2 (41.2–43.8 kg), quartile 3 (43.9–46.9 kg), and quartile 4 (>47.0 kg).

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  Figure 4. Sex-specific incidence of the primary outcome. The primary outcome is defined as a composite of second- or third-degree atrioventricular block. The solid light blue line indicates the crude incidence of the primary outcome in men, whereas the solid red line indicates the crude incidence of the primary outcome in women. The dashed blue line indicates the crude incidence of the primary outcome in men divided by the estimated hazard ratio corresponding to the sex difference in LBM. LBM= lean body mass.