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March 14, 2026Irish Journal of SociologyOpen Access

Racialising Irishness: The 2004 citizenship referendum and its enduring legacy

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Authors

PMPhilomena MullenTrinity College Dublin

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Implication

Analysis reveals political rhetoric around citizenship entrenched racial exclusion in Ireland, highlighting issues of whiteness.

Key Points

  • To explore the relationship between the 2004 citizenship referendum and the racial formation in Ireland.
  • Analysis of public discourse related to the referendum
  • Examination of narratives surrounding citizenship and race
  • Historical context review of Irish racial identities
  • Political rhetoric positioned whiteness as a norm in national belonging
  • Debate framed Black maternity within racialised tropes
  • Referendum discourse reinforced racial exclusion and hereditary notions of Irishness.

Cite This Study

Philomena Mullen (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69b4b9eb18185d8a398023aahttps://doi.org/10.1177/07916035261429379
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Also Consider

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  1. 1Black Unsettlement: Embodied Blackness and Black Studies in the Irish Context2024 · 13 citations
  2. 2The Discourse of Controlling “Illegal Immigration” in Irish Parliamentary Texts2015 · 8 citations