Theoretical model derives charge radius and topology properties for electron and neutron, suggesting profound links to particle physics.
We extend the topological particle framework of Discrete Topological Torsion Theory (DTTT), in which fundamental particles are knotted solitons in a Cosserat elastic vacuum, to derive the electromagnetic properties of the electron and neutron. Our central result is a theorem showing that fractional electric charges emerge necessarily from the torus knot parameters: for the trefoil T(2,3), the q=3 meridional winding quantises charge in units of e/3 while the isospin doublet constraint uniquely selects the lobe charges +2e/3, -e/3—precisely the quark model values, derived here without reference to quarks or QCD. The electron, classified as an unknot (nT=0), has no topologically stabilised charge radius, consistent with experimental bounds re<10−18 m. For the neutron, the trilobular charge asymmetry yields ⟨rE2⟩n<0 with the correct sign. We introduce the Sachs-Dirac-Foldy decomposition to separate the model-independent Foldy contribution (+0.0633fm2) from the intrinsic Dirac radius (−0.1794fm2). A breathing-mode conjecture yields ⟨r12⟩n=−nTλp2=−0.176 fm2, within 2% of the experimental value −0.172 fm2.
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Aaditya Bhatt (2026) studied this question.
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