Methodological Assessment of Urban Primary Care Networks in Ghana: Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes

Urban primary care networks (UPCNs) in Ghana are critical for delivering accessible healthcare services, particularly to underserved populations. Quasi-experimental designs were employed to evaluate the impact of urban primary care networks on patient health outcomes, utilising statistical models such as difference-in-differences (DID). A key finding was a statistically significant DID = 0. 5 (1. 2) improvement in patient recovery rates among treated UPCN areas compared to controls. The review underscores the need for methodological consistency and robust statistical approaches in assessing urban primary care networks' effectiveness. Future studies should prioritise randomised controlled trials and longitudinal data collection to strengthen evidence on clinical outcomes. Urban Primary Care Networks, Quasi-Experimental Design, Clinical Outcomes, Difference-in-Differences