Intercepting cancer development with immune-modulating approaches before cancer has established is an emerging and promising strategy to reduce the global cancer burden. By safely harnessing the immune system, cancer vaccines can enhance immune surveillance and lead to the elimination of transforming cells at the earliest stages of carcinogenesis, particularly when the immune microenvironment is least hostile and the potential for cure is greatest. In this review, we discuss the fundamental rationale behind immuno-interception strategies, provide an overview of advances in cancer interception clinical trials, and highlight key considerations and future directions for achieving effective cancer interception.
Zhu et al. (2026) studied this question.